History Prior to the Establishment of the English Monarchy
Monarchs of East Anglia (571 - 918)
Monarchs of Essex (527 - 825)
Monarchs of Kent (450 - 825)
Monarchs of Mercia (585 - 919)
Monarchs of Northumbria (500 - 1041)
Monarchs of Sussex
Monarchs of Wessex (519 - 924)
Monarchs of England
The Saxons
Ælfred the Great	878-899	Æthelwulf's son and King of Wessex. He died, aged about 50, of natural causes
Edward the Elder	899-924	Ælfred's son. Died, aged about 50, of natural causes.
Ethelweard	924	Edward's son. Reason for death unknown, but he died 16 days after Edward the Elder, aged about 21.
Athelstan	924-939	Edward's son. Died of natural causes, aged about 46.
Edmund I	939-946	Edward's son. murdered by Leofa, an exiled thief, aged about 25.
Edred	946-955	Edward's son. Died, aged about 31, from a digestive malady.
Edwig	955-959	Edmund's son. Died, aged about 18. Reason for death unknown.
Edgar the Peaceful	959-975	Edmund's son. Died, aged 31. Reason for death unknown.
St Edward the Martyr	975-978	Edgar's son. Murdered, aged about 15.
Ethelred II (the unready)	978-1013	Edgar's son. Fled to Normandy.
The Danelaw
For a period of time, both the Saxons and the Danish claimed the English throne.
Sweyn Forkbeard	1013-1014	King Harald Bluetooth of Denmark's son. Died, aged about 31. Reason for death unknown.
Ethelred II (the unready)	1014-1016	Edgar's son. Died, aged about 48. Reason for death unknown.
Edmund II	1016	Ethelred II's son. Shared the reign with Canute. Edmund taking Wessex. Died, aged about 25. Reason for death unknown.
Canute the Great	1016-1035	Sveyn's son. Died, aged about 40. Reason for death unknown.
Harold I (Harefoot)	1035-1040	Canute's illegitimate son. Died, aged about 24, of a mysterious illness.
Harthacanute	1040-1042	Canute's son. He was the ligitimate heir of Canute, but could not travel to England, due to problems defending Denmark. Died of a heart attack, aged 23.
The Saxon Restoration
St Edward the Confessor	1042-1066	Ethelred II's son. Died, aged about 62. Reason for death unknown.
Harold II (Godwinson)	1066	Edward the Confessor's brother-in-law. Killed at the Battle of Hastings, aged 43.
The Normans
After the Norman Conquest in 1066, numbering of kings (a French tradition applied to the Saxons only by historians) begins anew, although this affects only the Edwards.
William I (The Conqueror)	1066-1087	son of the unmarried Robert I, Duke of Normandy, by Robert's mistress Herleva. He either fell ill or was injured by the pommel of his saddle and died, aged about 59.
William II (the Red)	1087-1100	William I's son. Died, aged about 43, in a hunting accident.
Henry I	1100-1135	William I's son. Died, aged 67, after falling ill, after eating a number of lampreys against his physician's advice.
Stephen	1135-1154	William I's grandson. Matilda disputed Stphen's rule, but was never crowned in 1141. Died, aged about 58, of a stomach disorder.
The Angevins or Plantagenets
The Royal House name changed to reflect Matilda's marriage to Geoffrey Plantagenet.
Henry II	1154-1189	Matilda's son. Henry I's grandson. Died, aged 56, of a bleeding ulcer.
Richard I (the Lionheart)	1189-1199	Henry II's son. Died, aged 41, from gangrene from a crossbow wound. The crossbow had been fired by a boy, who claimed he killed his father.
John	1199-1216	Henry II's son. Died, aged 49, of dysentry.
Henry III	1216-1272	John's son, Died, aged 65, of unknown illness.
Edward I (Longshanks)	1272-1307	Henry III's son. Died, aged 68, of dysentry.
Edward II	1307-1327	Edward I's son abdicated and later died in the same year, 1327, under suspicious curcumstances. He was 43.
Edward III	1327-1377	Edward II's son. Died, aged 64, of a stroke.
Richard II	1377-1399	Edward III's grandson, son of Edward the Black Prince, who had died. Richard abdicated and died, aged 33 of starvation.
The House of Lancaster
Henry Bolingbroke deposed Richard II, and the Royal House name came to reflect Henry's father's title, Duke of Lancaster.
Henry IV	1399-1413	Edward III's grandson. Died, aged 45, of unknown cardovascular problem.
Henry V	1413-1422	Henry IV's son. Died, aged 35, apparently of dysentry.
Henry VI	1422-1461	Henry V's son was deposed by Edward IV, in the War of the Roses.
The House of York
The Houses of Lancaster and York had fought the War of the Roses, and the Yorkists took the throne.
Edward IV	1461-1470	Edward III's great-great-grandson was deposed temporarily by the Earl of Warwick.
The House of Lancaster
Henry was briefly restored to the throne, in an event known as the redemption of Henry VI.
Henry VI	1470-1471	Henry V's son was briefly restored to the throne, but then reimprisioned in the tower, where he was murdered, aged 49.
The House of York
The Houses of Lancaster and York had fought the War of the Tewkesbury, and the Yorkists took back the throne.
Edward IV	1471-1483	Edward III's great-great-grandson. Died, aged 40, of pneumonia or typhoid.
Edward V	1483	Edward IV's son. His father's marriage was ruled invalid and there fore his reign was invalid. He was imprisoned in the tower with his brother. He was murdered aged 13.
Richard III	1483-1485	Edward IV's brother. Died at the Battle of Bosworth Field, aged 32.
The House of Tudor
The Lancastrian Henry Tudor reclaimed the throne from the Yorkists.
Henry VII	1485-1509	Edward III's great-great-grandson. Died, aged 52, of tuberculosis.
Henry VIII	1509-1547	Henry VII's son. Died, aged 55, of obesity related illness.
Edward VI	1547-1553	Henry VIII's son. Died, aged 15, of a suppurating tumour.
Lady Jane Grey	1553	Henry VII's great-granddaughter. Died, aged 16, by execution (beheading).
Mary I (Bloody Mary)	1553-1558	Henry VIII's daughter. Died, aged 42, of influenza.
Elizabeth I (the Virgin Queen)	1558-1603	Henry VIII's daughter. Died, aged 69, of unknown illness.
James I	1603-1625	Henry VII of England's great-great-grandson. Died, aged 58, or dysentry.
Monarchs of England and Scotland
In 1603, James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne upon the death of Elizabeth I. From then until 1707, England and Scotland have shared monarchs.
Charles I	1625-1649	James I's son. Died, aged 48, by execution (beheading).
The Commonwealth and Protectorate
There was no King between Charles I's execution in 1649 and the Restoration in 1660. The nation's rulers were known as Lords Protector.
Oliver Cromwell	1653-1658	1st Lond Protectorate. Died, aged 59, or septiceamia.
Richard Cromwell	1658-1659	Oliver Cromwell's son resigned, to end the protectorate. Died, aged 85. Reason for death unknown.
Monarchs of England and of Scotland
In 1659, Richard Cromwell abdicated. Anarchy existed until the Stuart Restoration in 1660.
Charles II	1660-1685	Charles I's son. Died, aged 54, of uraemia.
James II	1685-1689	Charles I's son was deposed by the William, Prince of Orange. Charles died, aged 69, of a brain haemorrhage.
Mary II & William III	1689-1694	James II's daughter. Died, aged 32, of smallpox.
William III	1694-1702	Mary II's husband. Died, aged 51, of pneumonia.
Anne	1702-1707	James II's daughter. Died, aged 49. Reason for death unknown.
Monarchs of Great Britain
In 1707, the Act of Union combined the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Anne	1707-1714	James II's daughter. Died, aged 49. Reason for death unknown.
The House of Hanover
Under the Act of Settlement, descendants of Sophia, Electress of Hanover, as the closest Protestant relatives of Anne, became entitled to the throne, and the Royal House name was changed when George, Elector of Hanover became King.
George I	1714-1727	James I's great-grandson. Died, aged 67, of a stroke.
George II	1727-1760	George I's son. Died, aged 76, of an incipient aortic aneurysm.
George III	1760-1801	George II's son. Died, aged 81, of old age.
Monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
In 1801, the Act of Union combined the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom.
George III	1801-1820	George II's son. Died, aged 81, of old age.
George IV	1820-1830	George III's son. Died, aged 67, of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
William IV	1830-1837	George IV's son. Died, aged 71. Reason for death unknown.
Victoria	1837-1901	George III's granddaughter. Died, aged 81, of old age.
The House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
The Royal House name was changed to reflect Victoria's marriage to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
Edward VII	1901-1910	Victoria's son. Died, aged 68, after several heart attacks.
George V	1910-1917	Edward VII's son. Died, aged 70, after being injected with a lethal combination of morphine and cocaine, to preserve the King's dignity.
The House of Windsor
The name of the Royal House changed from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor due to anti-German sentiments during World War I in 1917.
George V	1917-1927	Edward VII's son. Died, aged 70, after being injected with a lethal combination of morphine and cocaine, to preserve the King's dignity.
Monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
In 1922, the Irish Free State left the United Kingdom. The name of the Kingdom was amended in 1927 to reflect the change.
George V	1927-1936	Edward VII's son. Died, aged 70, after being injected with a lethal combination of morphine and cocaine, to preserve the King's dignity.
Edward VIII	1936	George V's son abdicated. Died, aged 77, of throat cancer.
George VI	1936-1952	George V's son. Died, aged 56, of a coronary thrombosis.
Elizabeth II	1952-2022	George VI's daughter
Charles III	2022 -	Elizabeth II's son